Introduction:What are SSL/TLS Certificates?

What is certificate is another topic altogether. Please refer: What are SSL certs for understanding why digital certs are required.

In the realm of online security and encryption, SSL/TLS certificates play a vital role in ensuring

secure communication over the internet. Understanding the different types of certificates is crucial for maintaining a robust security infrastructure. In this guide, we'll delve into the various types of SSL/TLS certificates, including root certificates, leaf certificates, CA certificates, and user certificates, providing valuable insights into their significance and functions.
SSL/TLS certificates are integral components of the public key infrastructure (PKI) that secure online communications. Below, we'll explore the key types of SSL/TLS certificates:

Root Certificate (Root CA Certificate):

Root certificates serve as the foundational trust anchors in the SSL/TLS certificate hierarchy.
They are self-signed by trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs), establishing the ultimate trust in the certificate chain.
Root certificates are essential for validating the authenticity of subordinate certificates.

Intermediate Certificate (Intermediate CA Certificate):

Intermediate certificates bridge the gap between root certificates and end-entity certificates.
They are issued by Root CAs and are used to facilitate the issuance and management of end-entity certificates.
Intermediate certificates play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and security of the certificate chain.

Leaf Certificate (End-Entity Certificate):

Leaf certificates, also known as end-entity certificates, are issued to individual entities such as servers or users.
These certificates contain public keys and entity information, serving as the endpoint for secure communication.
Leaf certificates are signed by intermediate certificates, establishing trust in the entity's identity and encryption capabilities.

Certificate Authority (CA) Certificate:

CA certificates are issued by trusted Certificate Authorities and are used to validate the authenticity of SSL/TLS certificates.
They encompass both root and intermediate certificates, forming the backbone of the PKI infrastructure.
CA certificates play a pivotal role in maintaining trust and security in online transactions and communications.
User Certificate:
User certificates are issued to individual users for authentication, digital signatures, or encryption purposes.
These certificates contain the user's public key and identity information, enabling secure access to online services.
User certificates are commonly used in secure email communication, VPN access, and client authentication scenarios.

Conclusion:

Understanding the diverse roles of SSL/TLS certificates is essential for implementing robust security measures in online environments. Whether it's establishing trust through root certificates, securing endpoints with leaf certificates, or validating identities using CA certificates, each certificate type plays a vital role in safeguarding sensitive data and ensuring secure communication channels. By comprehending the nuances of SSL/TLS certificates, organizations can bolster their cybersecurity posture and mitigate the risks associated with online threats.

Other Post : How to find Checksum of Android apk from command line 

Best Free methods to Access website content like news without subscribing

Introduction:

In an era where digital media dominates, many reputable news sources have implemented paywalls, limiting access to valuable information. Subscribing to multiple services can become financially burdensome, but fear not! We've compiled a thorough guide detailing 12 effective methods to access paywalled content without a subscription.

1. Open the Article in Incognito Mode:

The simplest method involves opening links in incognito mode to prevent websites from tracking your browsing history and imposing article limits. Right-click a link and select 'Open link in an incognito window' or use Ctrl+Shift+N for quick access.

2. Reset Browser Cookies:

For those uncomfortable with incognito mode, resetting browser cookies accomplishes a similar goal. In Chrome, click the three dots, select 'More tools,' and choose 'Clear browsing data' in the advanced tab. Clear all cookies to reset article counts.

3. Use a VPN:

Change your IP address by utilizing a Virtual Private Network (VPN). This masks your location and helps bypass article limits. Numerous free and paid VPN services are available online; check out our top 10 VPN services for secure and anonymous browsing.

4. Use Postlight Reader for Chrome:

Formerly known as 'Mercury Reader,' the Postlight Reader Chrome extension declutters articles and removes paywalls. Add the extension, navigate to the desired article, and select 'Open in Postlight Reader' from the Extensions icon.

5. Use 12ft Ladder to Unlock Any Article:

When traditional methods fail, 12ft Ladder comes to the rescue. Visit https://12ft.io/, paste the paywalled article link, and click 'Remove paywall.' Refresh the article tab for unrestricted access.

6. Use Sci-hub to Read Articles Without a Subscription:

Access academic journals and research papers without subscribing using Sci-hub. Copy the article link or DOI code, paste it on Sci-hub's website, and click 'Open' to unlock the content.

7. Use Your Library Account:

Leverage your local library membership to access a wealth of paid content. Many libraries subscribe to leading newspapers, journals, and magazines. Sign in using your library account to unlock articles.

8. Use the Wayback Machine:

Explore Internet Archive's Wayback Machine, a repository of billions of archived pages. Visit the websites of major newspapers to find and read articles without encountering a paywall.

9. Search for the Headline on Google:

Paste the article headline on Google to discover mirrored content from various sources that offer free access. If the exact article isn't found, look for the same story from alternative, free-to-read sources.

10. Use Reader Mode on Safari:

If you're an iPhone or Mac user, activate Reader Mode on Safari. This feature eliminates clutter, hides ads, and, for some websites, removes the paywall.

Here's how you can enable Reader Mode on MacBooks:

• Open Safari and navigate to the page you want to read.
• Click on the Reader Mode icon on the right side of the address bar. (Note: The icon looks like a small box with horizontal stripes.)
• Wait for Safari to reformat the page for easy reading.
•  Open the article and click the reader icon in the address bar.

11. Save the Article as a PDF:

On certain websites, saving an article as a PDF can bypass paywalls. Open the article on your PC's web browser, press Ctrl+P, select 'Save as PDF,' and click 'Save.'

12. Disable JavaScript:

Prevent paywall pop-ups by disabling JavaScript. In Chrome, go to Settings > Privacy and security > Site Settings > JavaScript. Add the website URL under 'Not allowed to use JavaScript' for uninterrupted access.

Conclusion:

With these 12 proven methods, accessing paywalled content without a subscription becomes a breeze. From VPNs to browser settings, these techniques cover a broad spectrum of websites and journal libraries. Share your success stories in the comments, and empower others to break free from paywall constraints. Unlock a world of knowledge today!

Disclaimer: This article is only for educational purpose.

Are You Being Watched Over by Your Company Using WorkspaceONE Intelligent Hub?

In the age of smartphones and digital connectivity, the lines between our personal and professional lives have blurred. Many companies now encourage or even require their employees to use their personal mobile devices for work-related tasks. It's convenient, cost-effective, and promotes flexibility in today's fast-paced business world. However, the rise of bring-your-own-device (BYOD) policies and mobile working has given rise to concerns about privacy and security. One solution that businesses turn to for managing this mobile workforce is Workspace ONE Unified Endpoint Management (UEM), often accessed through the Intelligent Hub app. But what exactly can Workspace ONE UEM see on your mobile device, and should you be concerned about your personal data when using it for work-related tasks?

Workspace ONE UEM and the Intelligent Hub

WorkspaceONE UEM, formerly known as AirWatch, is an enterprise mobility management (EMM) platform developed by VMware. It's designed to help businesses manage and secure mobile devices, applications, and data. The Intelligent Hub is the user-facing app that allows employees to access company resources and manage work-related tasks on their mobile devices. It can be installed on various platforms, including Android and iOS.

Workspace ONE offers a range of features that benefit both businesses and employees. These features include secure application management, mobile device management, and data protection. However, with such power comes a natural concern about how much visibility and control a company has over the personal devices of its employees.

The Balancing Act: Security vs. Privacy

When you enroll your personal device in your company's Workspace ONE UEM program, you're essentially granting the organization certain rights to manage and secure the device. The level of control and visibility a company has over your device varies based on the policies and configurations set by your organization. This is where the balancing act between security and privacy comes into play.

Here are some key aspects to consider:

1. Compliance Policies:

Workspace ONE UEM allows organizations to set compliance policies for enrolled devices. These policies may include requirements for encryption, passcode complexity, and security updates. The company can ensure that your device complies with these policies, which is essential for protecting sensitive company data.

2. Application Management:

Employers can deploy, manage, and update enterprise apps on your device. They may also have the ability to whitelist or blacklist certain apps. This helps ensure that only approved apps are used for work-related tasks.

3. Remote Management:

In the event that your device is lost or stolen, Workspace ONE UEM allows your company's IT department to remotely lock or wipe the device to protect sensitive data. This feature is crucial for data security.

4. Device Information:

Your company can access device details, such as the model, operating system, serial number, and hardware specifications. This information helps with device inventory and management.

5. Content Distribution:

Employers can distribute and manage documents, files, or resources to your device, making it easier to access important work-related materials.

6. VPN Configuration:

Your company can configure and manage VPN connections on your device, ensuring secure access to the organization's network.

7. Network and Connectivity:

IT administrators can manage Wi-Fi profiles and network settings on your device, which is essential for ensuring secure connections.

8. Reporting and Analytics:

Workspace ONE UEM provides the ability to generate reports on device usage, security compliance, and other relevant metrics, which can help organizations track and improve their mobile management strategies.

Privacy Concerns and User Awareness

With this array of capabilities, it's natural to have concerns about privacy when enrolling your personal device in Workspace ONE UEM. However, it's essential to understand that organizations typically operate within the boundaries set by their mobile device management (MDM) policies and relevant regulations. They are also often committed to respecting your privacy while ensuring the security of company data.

To address these concerns and maintain a balance between security and privacy, here are some best practices and points to consider:

1. Clear Policies:

Employers should have clear BYOD policies in place. These policies should outline the extent of monitoring and control over personal devices and should be communicated to employees.

2. Consent:

Employees should be asked to give their explicit consent before enrolling their personal devices. This ensures that employees are aware of what is being monitored and controlled.

3. Separation of Work and Personal Data:

Workspace ONE UEM can often separate work-related data and applications from personal data on the device, preserving your privacy.

4. Remote Wipe Procedures:

Employers should establish clear procedures for remote device wipe and ensure they are only used when necessary, such as in the case of a lost or stolen device.

5. Limited Data Access:

Workspace ONE UEM can be configured to restrict access to specific device data, such as personal photos, contacts, or messages, depending on company policies.

6. Regular Auditing:

Companies should regularly audit and review their MDM policies to ensure they are in compliance with privacy regulations and respect user privacy.

7. Employee Education:

Employers should educate employees about the capabilities of Workspace ONE UEM and the importance of following security policies.

Conclusion

So, are you being watched over by your company using Workspace ONE UEM's Intelligent Hub? The answer is yes, but within certain boundaries. Employers have the ability to manage and secure devices to protect sensitive company data, but they are also committed to respecting employee privacy.

To ensure a fair and transparent balance between security and privacy, it's crucial for organizations to establish clear policies, seek employee consent, and educate their workforce about the capabilities of Workspace ONE UEM. This way, employees can enjoy the benefits of mobile working while trusting that their personal data remains private and secure.

Remember that the specifics of what an organization can see and control on your device will depend on your employer's policies and configurations. It's always a good practice to have an open dialogue with your employer about any privacy concerns you may have when enrolling your personal device in a company's mobile device management program.

Disclaimer:

The information provided in this blog is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not legal advice or a comprehensive guide to the specific features and functionalities of Workspace ONE Unified Endpoint Management (UEM) or the Intelligent Hub app.

The capabilities and policies related to WorkspaceONE UEM may vary from one organization to another. The level of control and visibility that an organization has over personal devices enrolled in their Workspace ONE UEM program depends on the specific policies and configurations set by the organization, as well as any applicable laws and regulations.

Readers should be aware that while Workspace ONE UEM is designed to help organizations manage and secure mobile devices, it should be used in accordance with applicable privacy regulations and with respect for user privacy. Employees are encouraged to consult with their employers and IT departments for detailed information about the specific policies and practices in place within their organizations.

The blog content is not a substitute for professional legal or IT advice. Any action taken based on the information provided in this blog is at the reader's own discretion and risk. As a author, I do not assume any responsibility for any consequences that may arise from the use or interpretation of this information. Readers are encouraged to seek guidance from relevant legal and IT professionals for their specific circumstances and concerns.

Understanding the Importance of the EnterpriseID in Google's EMM Program and locate EnterpriseID

As more and more organizations adopt mobile devices and cloud-based services, managing and securing these devices has become a top priority. Google's Enterprise Mobility Management (EMM) program offers a solution for managing mobile devices and apps in the enterprise. One of the key elements of this program is the EnterpriseID, which is a unique identifier assigned to each organization that enrolls in EMM.

So what exactly is an EnterpriseID, and why is it important for EMM?

An EnterpriseID is a unique identifier that is assigned to an organization when they enroll in Google's EMM program. This ID is used to identify the organization within Google's systems and is required for managing devices and deploying apps through EMM.

Why is the EnterpriseID important for EMM? There are a few reasons:

Device management: The EnterpriseID is used to manage devices in EMM. When devices are enrolled in EMM, they are associated with the organization's EnterpriseID. This allows administrators to manage these devices and apply policies and configurations to them.

App deployment: The EnterpriseID is also used to deploy apps to devices in EMM. When an app is deployed through EMM, it is associated with the organization's EnterpriseID. This allows administrators to control which apps are available to users and ensure that only authorized apps are installed on company-owned devices.

API integration: The EnterpriseID is used to set up the Google Mobile Management (GMM) API, which allows EMM administrators to manage devices and apps programmatically. This API is used to integrate EMM with other enterprise systems, such as helpdesk and inventory management tools.

Now that we understand why the EnterpriseID is important, let's take a look at how to find it. If you are the administrator of an organization that has enrolled in Google's EMM program, you can find the EnterpriseID in the Google Cloud Console or the Google Admin Console.

To find the EnterpriseID in the Google Cloud Console, follow these steps:

• Log in to the Google Cloud Console with your EMM administrator account.
• In the left-hand navigation menu, click on "IAM & Admin."
• Click on "Settings" in the submenu that appears.
• Under "Organization Settings," you should see your EnterpriseID listed.

To find the EnterpriseID in the Google Admin Console, follow these steps:

• Log in to the Google Admin Console with your EMM administrator account.
• In the left-hand navigation menu, click on "Billing."
• Under "Subscriptions," you should see your EnterpriseID listed next to your EMM subscription.
• If you do not have access to either the Google Cloud Console or the Google Admin Console, you may need to contact your EMM administrator or Google Workspace support for assistance in finding your EnterpriseID.

In conclusion, the EnterpriseID is a critical component of Google's EMM program. It is used to manage devices, deploy apps, and integrate EMM with other enterprise systems. By understanding what an EnterpriseID is and how to find it, EMM administrators can ensure that their organization's mobile devices and apps are secure and effectively managed.

Quick Guide to RTSP streaming related Tools

Real-time streaming protocol (RTSP) has become increasingly popular in recent years, particularly in the world of online video streaming. As a result, it is more important than ever to understand how to use RTSP effectively to provide the best possible experience to your users.

One of the key benefits of RTSP is that it allows for real-time streaming of media, meaning that there is little to no buffering or lag time. This is particularly important for applications such as online gaming, live events, and video conferencing, where any delay can significantly impact the user experience.

To help you make the most of RTSP, we will explore three popular applications that are commonly used for sending and receiving RTSP streams: GStreamer, VLC, and FFmpeg for Linux.

GStreamer is an open-source multimedia framework that provides a modular approach to building media streaming applications. It is widely used in Linux-based systems and is particularly popular for its flexibility and scalability.

VLC is another popular media player that supports RTSP streaming and is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux. It is known for its versatility and ability to handle a wide range of media formats, making it a popular choice for both personal and professional use.

FFmpeg is a command-line tool that can be used for a wide range of media processing tasks, including RTSP streaming. It is particularly powerful and flexible, with a wide range of options and filters that can be used to customize the streaming experience.

Overall, understanding how to use RTSP and the tools available for streaming media is becoming increasingly important in the digital age. By taking the time to learn about GStreamer, VLC, FFmpeg, and other related technologies, you can ensure that your streaming applications provide the best possible experience to your users.

GStreamer

Installing GStreamer:
sudo apt install libgstreamer1.0-0 gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-doc gstreamer1.0- tools gstreamer1.0-x gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-gtk3 gstreamer1.0-qt5 gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio
View all plugins:
# conda deactivate 
gst-inspect-1.0 -a
Play ~/Videos/test.mp4file :
gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=~/Videos/test.mp4 ! decodebin ! autovideosink
Play /dev/video0webcam:
gst-launch-1.0 v4l2src device=/dev/video0\
!video/x-raw, format=YUY2, width=640, height=480, framerate=30/1 \
!autovideosink /dev/video0

GStreamer RTSP Server

Compile test-launchexample :
sudo apt install libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstrtspserver-1.0
git clone https://github.com/GStreamer/gst-rtsp-server.git
cd gst-rtsp-server/
git checkout 1.18
cd examples/
gcc test-launch.c -o test-launch $(pkg-config --cflags --libs gstreamer-rtsp-server-1.0)

test-launchSend RTSP test stream with:
$ ./test-launch "videotestsrc ! x264enc ! rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96" 
stream ready at rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test

gst-launch Receive RTSP test stream with:
gst-launch-1.0 playbin uri=rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test


Send RTSP totest-launch
Send ~/Videos/test.mp4file :
./test-launch "filesrc location=/home/user/Videos/test.mp4 ! decodebin ! x264enc ! rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96"
Send /dev/video0 webcam:
./test-launch "v4l2src device=/dev/video0 ! video/x-raw,format=YUY2,width=640,height=480 ! videoconvert ! x264enc ! rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96"

Receive RTSP, togst-launch
gst-launch-1.0 playbin uri=rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test
 # or 
gst-launch-1.0 rtspsrc location=rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test ! decodebin ! autovideosink

VLC

To Install VLC
sudo snap install vlc

 # run below command to grant camera permission 
snap connect vlc:camera :camera 

To find available modules:
vlc --list

To Play ~/Videos/test.mp4file :
vlc file:///home/user/Videos/test.mp4

To Play /dev/video0webcam:
vlc v4l2:///dev/video0:chroma=mjpg:width=640:height=480:fps=30

Send RTSP tovlc

Send ~/Videos/test.mp4file :
vlc file:///home/user/Videos/test.mp4 \
--sout '#transcode{vcodec=h264}:rtp{sdp=rtsp://:8554/test}'


Send /dev/video0webcam:
vlc v4l2:///dev/video0:chroma=yuyv:width=640:height=480:fps=30 \
--sout '#transcode{vcodec=h264,width=640,height=480}:rtp{sdp=rtsp://:8554/test}'


Receive RTSP, tovlc
vlc rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test

FFmpeg

To Install FFmpeg:

sudo apt install ffmpeg

Send RTSP to ffserver

Configuration ffserver.conf:

HTTPPort  8091 
HTTPBindAddress  0.0.0.0 
RTSPPort  1554 
MaxHTTPConnections  2000 
MaxClients  1000 
MaxBandwidth  1000 
CustomLog -

<Stream test.mp4> 
  File  "/home/user/Videos/test.mp4" 
  Format rtp
 </Stream>

To Start ffserver:

$ nohup ffserver -f ffserver.conf &

$ tail nohup.out
  libavcodec 57.107.100 / 57.107.100
  libavformat 57.83.100 / 57.83.100
  libavdevice 57.10.100 / 57.10.100
  libavfilter 6.107.100 / 6.107.100
  libavresample 3. 7. 0 / 3. 7. 0
  libswscale 4.8.100 / 4.8.100
  libswresample 2.9.100 / 2.9.100
  libpostproc 54.7.100 / 54.7.100
Wed Apr 21 11:28:39 2021 Opening feed file '/home/user/Videos/test.mp4'  for stream 'test.mp4' 
Wed Apr 21 11:28:39 2021 FFserver started.

Receive RTSP to ffplay

ffplay rtsp://127.0.0.1:1554/test.mp4

$ sudo apt install ffmpeg

$ ffprobe ~/Videos/test.mp4
ffprobe version 3.4.8-0ubuntu0.2 Copyright (c) 2007-2020 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 7 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=0ubuntu0.2 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librubberband --enable-librsvg --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libopencv --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      55. 78.100 / 55. 78.100
  libavcodec     57.107.100 / 57.107.100
  libavformat    57. 83.100 / 57. 83.100
  libavdevice    57. 10.100 / 57. 10.100
  libavfilter     6.107.100 /  6.107.100
  libavresample   3.  7.  0 /  3.  7.  0
  libswscale      4.  8.100 /  4.  8.100
  libswresample   2.  9.100 /  2.  9.100
  libpostproc    54.  7.100 / 54.  7.100
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from '/home/user/Videos/test.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf58.20.100
  Duration: 00:10:22.04, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 4205 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (Main) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1920x1080, 4204 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 1200k tbn, 2400k tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler

RTSP Streaming: A Comprehensive Guide

Streaming audio and video content over the internet has become increasingly popular, and Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) is one of the most commonly used protocols for this purpose. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide to RTSP streaming, including its definition, how it works, its advantages and disadvantages, and its applications.

What is RTSP Streaming?

RTSP is a network control protocol used for streaming audio and video content over the internet. It was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and was first introduced in 1998. RTSP is designed to work with a variety of streaming protocols, including RTP, RTCP, and HTTP.

How Does RTSP Streaming Work?

RTSP works by establishing a connection between the client and the server. The client sends a request to the server, asking for a particular audio or video stream. The server responds with a description of the stream, including its format and location. The client then sends a second request to the server, asking for the stream to be delivered.

Advantages of RTSP Streaming

There are several advantages of using RTSP for streaming audio and video content:
Real-time delivery: RTSP enables real-time delivery of audio and video content, which is essential for live events such as sports, concerts, and news broadcasts.
High quality: RTSP supports high-quality audio and video streaming, which is ideal for delivering high-resolution content.
Interactivity: RTSP enables two-way communication between the client and the server, allowing for interactive applications such as video conferencing and online gaming.
Security: RTSP supports encryption and authentication, providing secure delivery of audio and video content over the internet.

Disadvantages of RTSP Streaming

There are also some disadvantages to using RTSP for streaming:
Complexity: RTSP is a complex protocol that requires specialized software and hardware to implement.
Bandwidth requirements: RTSP requires a significant amount of bandwidth to deliver high-quality audio and video content, which can be expensive for some users.
Latency: RTSP can introduce latency, which can be a problem for live events where real-time delivery is critical.

Applications of RTSP Streaming

RTSP is used in a variety of applications, including:
Live events: RTSP is commonly used for live events such as sports, concerts, and news broadcasts.
Video conferencing: RTSP enables two-way communication between clients, making it ideal for video conferencing and other interactive applications.
Security systems: RTSP is used in security systems to stream video from surveillance cameras to central monitoring stations.
Gaming: RTSP is used in online gaming to enable real-time multiplayer games.

Conclusion

RTSP is a powerful protocol for streaming audio and video content over the internet. It enables real-time delivery of high-quality content and supports interactive applications such as video conferencing and online gaming. However, it is a complex protocol that requires specialized software and hardware to implement and can introduce latency. Despite these challenges, RTSP remains a popular choice for streaming audio and video content over the internet. 

 Please also take some time to read other article on Free Test RTSP Samples URLs and streaming links.

 

Jabra Evolve2: The Ultimate Headset for Remote Professionals

As remote work has become the new norm for many individuals, having a reliable and high-quality headset is essential to ensure clear communication during virtual meetings and calls. One of the famous company that is present competing with brands like Bose is, Jabra. 

Jabra is a Danish company specializing in the production of audio equipment, particularly wireless headsets and speakerphones. Founded in 1983, Jabra has since become a leader in the market for professional-grade headsets, offering a range of products designed to improve communication and productivity in the workplace. The company is known for its innovative technology, including noise-cancellation features and AI-powered personalization. From the
house of Jabra they have unleashed a headset model named Jabra Evolve2.

The Jabra Evolve2 is one such headset that stands out from the rest with its superior features and unmatched audio quality. In this article, we will explore the advanced features of the Jabra Evolve2 that make it a must-have for any remote worker. 

Comfortable and Durable Design

One of the standout features of the Jabra Evolve2 is its comfortable and durable design. The headset is lightweight and ergonomically designed to provide long-lasting comfort, even during extended use. The soft memory foam ear cushions and padded headband ensure that the headset can be worn for hours without causing discomfort or fatigue. Additionally, the Jabra Evolve2 is built to last with durable materials that can withstand the wear and tear of daily use.

Crystal Clear Audio Quality

The Jabra Evolve2 delivers crystal clear audio quality that makes virtual conversations feel like face-to-face interactions. The headset is equipped with powerful 40mm speakers that produce high-quality audio with rich bass and crisp treble. The advanced noise-cancelling technology eliminates background noise and ensures that your voice comes through loud and clear, even in noisy environments. The Jabra Evolve2 also features a boom arm that can be adjusted to your preferred position for optimal voice pickup.

Multi-Device Connectivity

Another great feature of the Jabra Evolve2 is its multi-device connectivity. The headset can be connected to multiple devices simultaneously, including your laptop, smartphone, and tablet. This feature makes it easy to switch between devices without having to disconnect and reconnect each time. Additionally, the Jabra Evolve2 is compatible with a variety of communication software, including Microsoft Teams, Zoom, and Skype for Business, making it a versatile and convenient tool for remote work.

Intuitive Controls

The Jabra Evolve2 features intuitive controls that allow you to easily adjust the volume, mute the microphone, and answer or end calls. The controls are located on the ear cups for easy access, and the LED indicators provide a clear visual indication of the headset's status. The Jabra Evolve2 also features voice assistant integration, allowing you to use voice commands to control your device and access your preferred voice assistant.

Conclusion

The Jabra Evolve2 is an exceptional headset that provides unmatched audio quality, comfort, and convenience for remote workers. Its advanced features make it a must-have for anyone looking to take their virtual communication to the next level. The lightweight and durable design, crystal clear audio quality, multi-device connectivity, and intuitive controls make the Jabra Evolve2 a versatile and reliable tool for any remote work setup.
Investing in the Jabra Evolve2 is a wise choice for anyone who values high-quality audio and comfort during virtual communication. Whether you're working from home or on the go, the Jabra Evolve2 has got you covered. So why wait? Discover the superior features of the Jabra Evolve2 and experience the next level of professionalism and comfort.

You can also take a quick look at the other Audio article on testing headset audio.

Top 10 Awesome Tricks that Android User Should Know

Lets go through the tricks quickly:

Enable System UI Tuner: This feature allows you to customize the status bar icons, add a battery percentage indicator, rearrange the quick settings tiles, and more. To enable it, go to "Settings" > "System" > "About phone" and tap the "Build number" several times until you see a message saying "You are now a developer." Then, go back to "Settings" > "System" and you should see a new option for "System UI Tuner."

Take advantage of Google Lens: Google Lens is a feature that uses your camera to recognize objects and provide information about them. Simply launch the Google Lens app and point your camera at an object or text to get started.

Use Google Maps street view: This feature allows you to explore locations as if you were actually there. Simply open Google Maps and search for a location, then tap on the "Street View" option to see a 360-degree panoramic view.

Automate tasks with Tasker: Tasker is an app that allows you to automate tasks and actions on your Android device. For example, you can set it up to turn off Wi-Fi when you leave home, turn on your music player when you plug in headphones, and more.

Enable Google Now on Tap: Google Now on Tap allows you to quickly search for information related to what's on your screen without leaving the app you're in. Simply long-press the home button and Google Now on Tap will analyze the screen and provide relevant information.

Use Google Keep for quick notes: Google Keep is a simple note-taking app that integrates with other Google services, making it easy to access your notes from anywhere. You can create text, voice, and image notes, and set reminders to keep track of what you need to do.

Set custom ringtones and notifications: You can set custom ringtones and notifications for individual contacts, making it easy to know who's calling or texting without looking at your phone. Simply go to "Contacts" > select the contact > "Edit" > "Ringtone" or "Notification tone" to set a custom sound.

Use two apps at once with App Twin: Some Android devices support App Twin, which allows you to run two instances of the same app on one device. This is useful if you want to run two WhatsApp accounts, for example. The feature may be located in the settings under "Dual apps" or "App twin," depending on your device.

Control your phone with your voice: You can use voice commands to control your phone, such as making calls, sending texts, and more. Simply say "Ok Google" to activate the Google Assistant and start using voice commands.

Manage apps with Android's App Info: You can access Android's App Info to see which apps are using the most data, battery, and storage, and to force stop or uninstall apps as needed. To access it, go to "Settings" > "Apps" and select the app you want to manage. From there, you can view its usage stats, clear its cache, and more. 

Android App directories and methods to be used to access these app directories 

Have you ever wonder why there are so many directories in your Android Phone and what purpose they do serve. As, Android, basically uses Linux as a base platform, it's likely to have Linux like file system structure. Let's take a quick dive into what are those different Android Application Directories in your Android mobile phone and then I've also mentioned the methods that can be used in your android application to access the data from these directories.

We have 'apps' directory which is self explanatory. The data for the application that are pre-installed or the ones that you would install would sit in this folders. 

APPLICATIONS:

/data/app/* - This is for the users application Installation space 

/data/app/*/base.apk - Space for Android default or preinstalled system apps

/data/app/*/lib//*.so - Space for Shared Libraries(so = shared object similar to dll)

/data/app/*/oat//base.[art|odex|vdex] - Space of compiled executable code that we installed

/data/dalvik-cache//*.[art|dex|oat|vdex] - Space of compiled executable code only for preinstalled apps

/data/misc/profiles/cur///primary.prof - Androd RunTime Profile (refer: https://source.android.com/devices/bootloader/boot-image-profiles)

/data/misc/profiles/ref//primary.prof - Androd RunTime Profile (refer: https://source.android.com/devices/bootloader/boot-image-profiles) 

Next is user directory under Internal Storage

Internal Storage:

/data/user[_de]/<user_id>/<pkg> - To fetch data from this path use getDataDir()

/data/user[_de]/<user_id>/<pkg>/files - To fetch data from this path use getFilesDir()

/data/user[_de]/<user_id>/<pkg>/[code_]cache - To fetch data from this path use getCacheDir() or getCodeCacheDir()

/data/user[_de]/<user_id>/<pkg>/databases - To fetch data from this path use getDatabasePath()

/data/user[_de]/<user_id>/<pkg>/no_backup - To fetch data from this path use getNoBackupFilesDir()

/data/user[_de]/<user_id>/<pkg>/shared_prefs - To fetch data from this path use getSharedPreferences()

Next is external storage and directories present in external path like SDCard

External Storage:

/storage/emulated/obb/<pkg>/*.obb - Shared by multi-users, exposed in following view)

/storage/emulated/<user_id>/Android/obb/<pkg>/*.<pkg>.obb - To fetch data from this path use getObbDirs()

/storage/emulated/<user_id>/Android/media/<pkg> - To fetch data from this path use getExternalMediaDirs()

/storage/emulated/<user_id>/Android/data/<pkg>/ - To fetch data from this path use getExternalMediaDirs()

/storage/emulated/<user_id>/Android/data/<pkg>/files - To fetch data from this path use getExternalFilesDirs()

/storage/emulated/<user_id>/Android/data/<pkg>/[code_]cache - To fetch data from this path use getExternalCacheDirs()

 TLDR, here it is in Tabular format for quick reference.

How to use ChatGPT?

AI and ML have been the buzz words for a while now and so many interesting usage has been found using these. Before we start, let's learn a bit about , what is AI, OpenAI and ML.

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans. AI can be divided into two categories: narrow or weak AI, which is designed to perform a specific task, and general or strong AI, which has the ability to perform any intellectual task that a human can.  Examples of narrow AI include Siri, Alexa, and self-driving cars, which are designed to perform specific tasks such as recognizing speech, answering questions, and navigating roads. Strong AI, on the other hand, is still in the early stages of development and is the type of AI that can think and learn like a human. It has the potential to revolutionize many industries and change the way we live our lives.  Some of the key technologies that are used to develop AI include machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics. 

OpenAI is an artificial intelligence research laboratory consisting of the for-profit OpenAI LP and its parent company, the non-profit OpenAI Inc. The company is focused on developing and promoting friendly AI in a way that benefits all of humanity. They have developed a number of widely-used AI technologies, such as the GPT natural language processing model. OpenAI's mission is to ensure that artificial general intelligence (AGI) benefits all of humanity.

Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence that gives systems the ability to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. It involves the use of algorithms and statistical models that enable a system to automatically improve its performance with experience.  There are different types of machine learning, including:  Supervised learning: where the system is trained on a labeled dataset, with input-output pairs, and then makes predictions on new, unseen data. Unsupervised learning: where the system is not given labeled data, but instead must find patterns or features in the input data on its own. Reinforcement learning: where the system learns to make decisions by interacting with an environment and receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties. Machine learning is used in a variety of applications such as natural language processing, computer vision, speech recognition, recommendation systems, and many more.

ChatGPT: It is a large language model that can perform a variety of natural language processing tasks, such as:

• Text generation: generating human-like text based on a given prompt or context

• Text completion: completing a partially written text

• Text summarisation: summarising a given text to a shorter version

• Text classification: classifying a given text into predefined categories

• Text translation: translating a text from one language to another

• Text answering: answering questions based on a given context

• Text generation of code, poetry, song lyrics and many more.

Additionally, ChatGPT can be fine-tuned on specific tasks or domains, such as customer service, technical support, and creative writing, to improve its performance on those tasks.

It's important to note that while ChatGPT can generate human-like text, it is not a human and may make mistakes or misunderstand certain prompts. It is important to verify any information generated by the model before using it.

ChatGPT is a variant of the GPT (Generative Pre-training Transformer) model, developed by OpenAI.

GPT was first introduced in 2018 by a team of researchers at OpenAI, who trained the model on a large dataset of text from the internet. Since then, OpenAI has released several versions of the GPT model, including GPT-2 and GPT-3, with ChatGPT being one of the most recent versions.

The team behind GPT and its variants includes several prominent researchers in the field of natural language processing, such as Ilya Sutskever, Alec Radford, and Jeff Dean, among others. The development of the GPT model has been led by OpenAI, a research organization founded by Elon Musk, Sam Altman, Greg Brockman, Ilya Sutskever and Wojciech Zaremba.

OpenAI, the organisation that developed ChatGPT, has made the model available for use through a commercial API, which allows users to access the model's capabilities through a web-based interface. The API requires a subscription and usage fee, which varies depending on the usage volume, the type of usage, and other factors.

However, OpenAI also provides some free access to the API, through a free-tier program, or through some partnership or research program, which allows developers and researchers to test and experiment with the model at a lower cost or even for free.

It's worth noting that the research version of the GPT-3 is open-source, meaning it is publicly available for anyone to download, use, and modify. However, the model is very large and requires considerable computational resources and expertise to train and fine-tune for specific tasks. So, it's not recommended for general usage.

Will ChatGPT be free?

ChatGPT, like other large language models such as GPT-2 and GPT-3, requires a significant amount of computational power to train and run.

The original version of GPT-2, which had 1.5 billion parameters, required 4 days of training on 8 NVIDIA V100 GPUs, with a batch size of 2048. This implies that a computational power of about 2 Petaflops is required for training.

GPT-3, which has 175 billion parameters, required several months of training on several thousand of high-performance GPUs, which is not accessible for most of the users.

While the exact computational requirements for ChatGPT may vary depending on the specific architecture and configuration of the model, it's safe to say that it requires a significant amount of computational power and resources to train and run.

It's worth noting that the computational power required to run a pre-trained model like ChatGPT is much lower than what is required to train it. The pre-trained model can be loaded into memory and run on a single high-performance GPU or even a standard CPU, which makes it more accessible to a wider range of users.

 How to login to ChatGPT?

 Open https://chat.openai.com/ on your web-browser.

 Click on Sign up.

Use any account, if you have already a logged in Google account , it makes it more easier. Just click on Continue with Google.

Enter your Name

Provide your phone number. You will receive a verification SMS on you mobile.

Enter the code and you are good to go.

The UI is very simple and easy to use.

Just type in Queries that you want to ask the AI and wait for the AI to get you the answers.

One thing to note in particular. The knowledge date cut off for ChatGPT is marked as 2021. So if you are looking for any new information, refrain yourself from asking it to ChatGPT instead, Google it!!!